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Christmas or Christmas Day is a holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus the central figure of Christianity. Aspects of celebration may include gift-giving Christmas trees display of Nativity sets church attendance the Father Christmas/Santa Claus myth and family gatherings. Users of the Gregorian calendar observe the holiday on December 25. Some Eastern Orthodox Churches celebrate on December 25 by the Julian calendar which currently corresponds to January 7 on the Gregorian calendar. These dates are merely traditional; the great majority of scholars agree that the actual birthdate of Jesus is unknown.The word Christmas is derived from Middle English Christemasse and from Old English Cristes mæsse.

It is a contraction meaning "Christ's mass". The name of the holiday is often shortened to Xmas because Roman letter "X" resembles the Greek letter Χ chi an abbreviation for Christ.In Western countries Christmas is the most economically significant holiday of the year and is even celebrated by non-Christians. The popularity of Christmas can be traced in part to its status as a winter festival. Many cultures have their most important holiday in winter because there is less agricultural work to do at this time. Examples of winter festivals that have influenced Christmas include the pre-Christian festivals of Yule and Saturnalia. Many of the traditions associated with the holiday have origins in these pagan winter celebrations.In Western culture the holiday is characterized by the exchange of gifts among friends and family members some of the gifts being attributed to Santa Claus also known as Father Christmas Saint Nicholas Saint Basil and Father Frost. However various local and regional Christmas traditions are still practiced despite the widespread influence of American British and Australian Christmas motifs disseminated by film popular literature television and other media.Origin of holidayAlthough no one knows the exact date Jesus was born Christians have favored December 25 since ancient times. It is the date on which the Romans marked the winter solstice and it is nine months following the Festival of Annunciation March 25. In ancient and early Medieval times Christmas was either a minor feast or not celebrated at all.Around 220 the theologian Tertullian declared that Jesus died on March 25 AD 29 but was resurrected three days later. Although this is not a plausible date for the crucifixion it does suggest that March 25 had significance for the church even before it was used as a basis to calculate Christmas. Modern scholars favor a crucifixion date of April 3 AD 33 also the date of a partial lunar eclipse. These are Julian calendar dates. Subtract two days for a Gregorian date.By 240 a list of significant events was being assigned to March 25 partly because it was believed to be the date of the vernal equinox.

These events include creation the fall of Adam and most relevantly the Incarnation. The view that the Incarnation occurred on the same date as crucifixion is consistent with a Jewish belief that prophets died at an "integral age" either an anniversary of their birth or of their conception.Aside from being nine months later than Annunciation December 25 is also the date the Romans marked the winter solstice which they referred to as bruma. For this reason some have suggested the opposite of the theory outlined above i.e. that the date of Christmas was chosen to be the same as that of the solstice and that the date of Annunciation was calculated on this basis.

The Julian calendar was originally only one day off with the solstice falling on December 24 in 45 BC. Due to calendar slippage the date of the astronomical solstice has moved back so that it now falls on either December 21 or December 22.The idea that December 25 is Jesus' birthday was popularized by Sextus Julius Africanus in Chronographiai AD 221 an early reference book for Christians. This identification did not at first inspire feasting or celebration. In 245 the theologian Origen denounced the idea of celebrating the birthday of Jesus "as if he were a king pharaoh." Only sinners not saints celebrate their birthdays Origen contended.In 274 Emperor Aurelian designated December 25 as the festival of Sol Invictus the "unconquered sun". Aurelian may have chosen this date because the solstice was considered the birthday of Mithras a syncretic god of Persian origin. Mithras is often identified with Sol Invictus although Sol was originally a separate Syrian god.Mithras was a god of light and a child of the earth who sprang up next to a sacred stream. He was born bearing a torch and armed with a knife. Sundays were dedicated to Mithras and caves were often used for his worship. A series of emperors promoted Mithraism beginning with Commodus. The cult emphasized loyalty to the emperor and Roman soldiers were expected to participate. Mithraism collapsed rapidly after Constantine I withdrew imperial favor 312 despite being at the peak of its popularity only a few years earlier.As Constantine ended persecution Christians began to debate the nature of Christ. The Alexandrian school argued that he was the divine word made flesh see John 1:14 while the Antioch school held that he was born human and infused with the Holy Spirit at the time of his baptism see Mark 1:9-11. A feast celebrating Christ's birth gave the church an opportunity to promote the intermediate view that Christ was divine from the time of his incarnation. Mary a minor figure for early Christians gained prominence as the theotokos or god-bearer. There were Christmas celebrations in Rome as early as 336. December 25 was added to the calendar as a feast day in 350.

The Declaration of Christmas Peace has been a tradition in Finland from the Middle Ages every year except in 1939 due to the war. The declaration takes place on the Old Great Square of Turku Finland's official Christmas City and former capital at noon on Christmas Eve. It is broadcast on Finnish radio and television. free wallpaper of a snow man free wallpaper merry christmas feliz navidad wallpaper fondos very cute wallpaper of a white snow man during the holiday wallpapaper for your computer desktop theme. nightmare before christmas christmas sheet music christmas card christmas decoration christmas tree christmas ornament christmas gift christmas light christmas song christmas tree shop christmas crafts christmas music christmas stocking artificial christmas tree christmas carols christmas in heaven christmas gift idea christmas tree ornament christmas party christmas vacation glass christmas ornament merry christmas outdoor christmas decoration christmas present christmas in christmas wreath photo christmas card christmas toy christmas play christmas store christmas catalog christmas wallpaper christmas picture christmas story personalized christmas card white christmas christmas dress free christmas wallpaper christmas decor ban christian christmas holiday liberal plot sacred than thought war worse christmas gift basket christmas game christmas morning christmas song lyric christmas recipe christmas village business christmas card baby first christmas christmas scene christmas movie a christmas story personalized christmas ornament christmas clipart christmas clip art how the grinch stole christmas christmas photo christmas idea 2006 christmas hot toy operation christmas child christmas island christmas cookie 12 day of christmas christmas countdown christmas gift catalog christmas centerpiece christmas shopping christmas poem christmas tree store 3d before christmas nightmare christmas greeting card nightmare before christmas picture christmas cactus christmas dance christmas shoes personalized christmas stocking night before christmas christmas craft idea christmas party idea christmas decorating mr christmas christmas music on line christmas pajamas kid christmas before christmas layout myspace nightmare christmas handknit hanukkah holiday knitting round solstice winter year christmas tree skirt christmas candle christmas flower led christmas light black christmas homemade christmas gift unique christmas gift radio city christmas spectacular christmas inflatables christmas shop christmas art vintage christmas charlie brown christmas last christma